Knowledgebase

Lighttpd provides a lightweight web server that is capable of serving large loads while using...

fdisk stands (for “fixed disk or format disk“) is an most commonly used command-line based disk...

grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data for lines which match a regular...

In Linux, a shell pattern is a string that consists of the following special characters, which...

Use the standard mount command to mount an ISO image in read-only mode using the loop device and...

A port is a logical entity which represents an endpoint of communication and is associated with a...

Using USB drives for file transfer is so common today, and for those (new Linux users) who prefer...

Batch processing is the execution of a series of tasks in a program non-interactively. In this...

Package Manager is software which allows a user in case of installation of new software,...

A MTA is an application responsible for sending and receiving emails from one host to another....

Here are the five easy and simple methods to verify your Linux system’s OS type. It doesn’t...

SSH or Secure Shell in simple terms is a way by which a person can remotely access another user...

Parted is a famous command-line tool that allows you to easily manage hard disk partitions. It...

The lolcat program is used for the above purpose. It basically functions by concatenating files,...

Your account with Ucartz Hosting may include the ability to host multiple websites depending on...

Here, we are specifing the steps and configuration needed to run Nginx reverse proxy for Apache....

Ansible is an automation, configuration, and infrastructure management tool. Configuring LVM with...

To create a new account go to WHM >> Account Functions >> Create a New Account. To...

To remove MYSQL strict mode from servers, run following commands: mv -v /usr/my.cnf...

Typed a command and rushed to hit Enter, only to find that you had a typo in it. While you can...

If the email you send is going to spam, there are a few options to explore: IP ReputationCheck...

The following command will show the list of top processes ordered by RAM and CPU use in...

If you cannot install or update software via yum and you see 404 errors like this:...

Acme.sh is a simple, powerful and easy to use ACME protocol client written purely in Shell (Unix...

How to use the virus scanner in cPanel to scan your account files for viruses, trojan horses, and...

Step 1: Open your Nginx server configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (it’s the default path,...

When you run a command, it produces some kind of output: either the result of a program is...

If you want to allow additional users to manage the files of your website, you can create...

Swap space/partition is space on a disk created for use by the operating system when memory has...

FFmpeg is an open source software (also a command line tool) for transcoding multimedia files. It...

1. Install Node.js You must have Node.js installed on your system. Use the following commands to...

MongoDB is an open source cross-platform, document-oriented database. It was designed with both...

Plex is a streaming media server that helps you organize your video, music, and photos and stream...

Visual Studio Code is a free cross-platform source code editor developed by Microsoft. It has...

Zabbix Agent is required to install on all remote systems needs to monitor through Zabbix server....

xrdp is a free and open-source Remote desktop Protocol server which allows you to take remote...

Minecraft is a 3D game based on pixels. This game has created a lot of popularity among Internet...

In LiteSpeed admin interface do the following: Configuration -> Server -> Edit ->...

  NOTE:If you are placing skeleton in /home directory on cPanel servers, you must configure the...

Apache Handlers   The .html files do not run server-side includes, but .shtml files will. To...

LVM (Logical Volume Management) is a flexible and advanced option available to manage hard disks...

You put in motion a series of events that lead to a fully-functional system – sometimes in less...

A rough utilization of Linux cat command would be to make a full disk backup or a disk partition...

Nginx (pronounced "engine x") is an open source web server software designed with high...

Nginx (pronounced "engine x") is an open source web server software designed with high...

A bad sector/block, it’s a section on a disk drive or flash memory that can not be read from or...

To Verify Installed Debian Packages Against MD5 Checksums   On Debian/Ubuntu systems, you can...

A port is a logical entity which acts as an endpoint of communication associated with an...

There are a number of time management utilities available on Linux such as date and timedatectl...

Brotli is a generic-purpose lossless compression algorithm that compresses data using a...

To compress a file(s), is to significantly decrease the size of the file(s) by encoding data in...

Types of quotas Usage quota or Block quota: It limits the amount of disk space that can be...

 Let us set up a Static IP address on network interfaces using system network-scripts. Also, you...

character encoding is a way of informing a computer how to interpret raw zeroes and ones into...

Alien, a tool that converts between different Linux package formats, with .rpm to .deb (and vice...

The easiest way to count number of files and subdirectories in a directory using a tree command,...

1. Login to your WHM 2. Click on Add Package 3. Create a Package for Reseller/MasterReseller...

To enable write access to all users on a particular directory (shared directory) in Linux....

Zip is a simple, cross-platform file packaging and compression utility for Unix-like systems...

You may have to remove users account at after sometime when a user account may become dormant for...

The Linux system boots so fast that most of the output scrolls by too quickly to read the text...

APT means Advanced Packaging Tool is another package manager found on Linux based systems....

Login to your cPanel, Find the following Option and click on it – A login page will Open. If you...

Prerequisites – This guide assumes that you are already using CloudFlare on your website on a...

To create and encrypt a tar or gz (gzip) archive file with OpenSSL, the conventional form of...

The tar utility is one of the utilities that you can use to create a backup on a Linux system. It...

MySQL database server (my.conf), PHP programming language (php.ini) and Apache HTTP server...

To display the total number of files in the current working directory or any other directory and...

The two most popular Internet transport protocols, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the...

As a Linux administrator, you must periodically check which files and folders are consuming more...

There are several ways of knowing the version of Linux you are running on your machine as well as...

Linux is a multitasking operating system, it executes several programs simultaneously, and this...

Process management is one of the important aspects of System Administration in Linux, and it...

Usually, we are in habit of saving a lot of information in form of files on our system. Some,...

YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) is the default, high-level tool for Linux package management on...

Redis has grown to become one of the most popular NoSQL database systems (not to mention cache...

What is cPanel default email account? when a cPanel hosting account is created, a default...

Ways for a user to identify his/her home, current and previous working directories from the shell...

In Linux, you can change the maximum amount of open files. You may modify this number by using...

Bolt is a sophisticated, lightweight and simple CMS built with PHP. It is released under the open...

Cachet is a beautiful and powerful open source status page system written in PHP that allows you...

Cachet is a beautiful and powerful open source status page system written in PHP that allows you...

Cacti is an open-source, web-based network monitoring and graphing tool designed as a front-end...

Craft is an open source CMS written in PHP. Craft allows you to easily create and manage...

Deno is a runtime for JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly based on the V8 JavaScript engine...

EPESI is a free and open source web application and one of the most sophisticated multi-user...

Fathom is a self-hosted open source web analytics platform that provides simple, useful website...

The Foreman is an open source software for managing the lifecycle of physical and virtual...

Matomo (formerly Piwik) is a free and open source web analytics application developed by a team...

Matomo (formerly Piwik) is a free and open source web analytics application developed by a team...

Matomo (formerly Piwik) is a free and open source web analytics application developed by a team...

NextCloud is a free, open source and an alternative to another open source file hosting solution...

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment that executes...

NodeBB is a Node.js based forum software built for the modern web. It's built on either a MongoDB...

NodeBB is a Node.js based forum software built for the modern web. It's built on either a MongoDB...

October CMS is a free, open-source, self-hosted CMS platform based on the Laravel PHP Framework....

Pagekit is modern, intuitive, modular, and flexible open source (MIT license) CMS built with...

These tools are good for System Administrators who find themselves working with large collections...

Redmine is a free, open source and web-based project management web application that allows...

A LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack is a common web stack used to prepare servers for...

Before configuring the master and slave nodes, it’s important to understand the different...

Yum-utils, a collection of utilities that integrate with yum to extend its native features in...

vTiger CRM is a free and open source Customer Relationship Management software for your business....

To set the sudo password timeout value, use the passwd_timeout parameter. First, open the...

Setting Up a Minecraft Server on Ubuntu Firstly, we’ll create a Minecraft server using a VPS...

Step 1 – Installing Java and Screen Java is included by default if you’re using a newer MacOS...

You have a lot of images, and want to optimize and compress the images without losing its...

You had mistakenly deleted a file – either through the Del key, or using rm in the command line....

The Linux ext2, ext3 and ext4 filesystems don’t need that much attention, but with time, after...

The /tmp directory contains mostly files that are required temporarily, it is used by different...

The simplest way to do this, is to create a chrooted jail environment for SFTP access. This...

If you are in charge of managing a database server, from time to time you may need to run a query...

A system administrator often needs to run a command repeatedly in a certain period of time. Often...

In the sudeors file, the authenticate parameter which is turned on by default is used for...

To schedule a task on given or later time, you can use the ‘at’ or ‘batch’ commands and to set up...

To set up user limits, we will need to edit the following file: /etc/security/limits.conf...

IP address: 15.84.25.84          Netmask: 255.255.255.0         Hostname: server.rootadminz.com...

Environment Variables are some special variables that are defined in the shell and are needed by...

What does the limiter option do? The limiter option is used to limit a user from sending mails...

Device or system hostnames are used to easily recognize a machine within a network in a...

Docker Registry or 'Registry' is an open source and highly scalable server-side application that...

Railgun is a WAN optimization technology developed by Cloudflare and is available to Cloudflare...

Requirements   – git installed on your PC or Server. Get here   – Internet Connection...

As we know, du command is used to check the disk usage of files and folders under Linux system....

As we may already know, ls and dir are the two commands available on Linux for listing directory...

The creation of archive files and splitting them into blocks of a selected size. We shall use...

When a process is associated with a terminal, two problems might occur: your controlling...

Firewall is a software that acts as a shield between the user’s system and external network...

As you might know, rsync, also known as Remote Sync, is a fast, versatile, and powerful tool that...

We always need to check the speed of the Internet connection at home and office. What we do for...

nc stands for Netcat and often point out as “Swiss Army knife” is a networking tool used for...

To run the cPanel License Key update script (refresh cpanel license) : #...

Different Linux distributions install applications in a pre-compiled package that contain binary...

Linux Rsync tool, which enables users to expeditiously copy or synchronize files locally and...

As an alternative to cron job scheduler, the at command allows you to schedule a command to run...

Cat command, the acronym for Concatenate, is one of the most used commands in *nix systems. The...

One of the many utilities for locating files on a Linux file system is the find utility and in...

  cPanel only   LVE Manager inodes Limits extension allows you to set inodes limits for your...

How do I add, edit and delete packages in WHM? The following article explains how to add, edit...

CloudLinux provides an opportunity to add custom comments to PHP versions, chosen with...

Steps:1. Need to create /etc/cagefs/conf.d/xvfb.cfg and add:...

CentOS comes with firewalld by default. It allows you to manage your firewall rules based on...

 what is eximstats database? Eximstats parses the exim log to produce text and graphical data,...

Introduction Roundcube is web based IMAP email client which is written in PHP and can be...

If you have a reseller, you can set up and use custom name servers. For example, if your domain...

Follow below steps to create a filter:   1. Login to your Gmail Account.   2. Tap on the...

In this guide, we can see how to create a host inventory using “ansible-cmd” command. If we...

Common errors and their names: Client Request Errors  400 Bad Request 401...

2FA is a reliable method of increasing the security of your account by enforcing two methods of...

Remi, a third-party repository that includes up-to-date versions of Apache, MySQL / MariaDB, PHP,...

On fresh installation of Nginx, let's check whether the gzip has been enabled? $curl -H...

If the home directory, say /home, is a filesystem (mount point), then you could use df. If it's...

To display the top 15 processes sorted by memory use in descending order, do: # top -b -o +%MEM...

Have you ever run into a blank white screen web page with an easy, vigorous message: "Error...

MySQL has limited usernames to 16 characters for many years. In versions of MySQL prior to 5.1,...

MySQL is pretty popular among open source web apps, but it is prone to performance issues if not...

   If link traversal protection is enabled on cPanel server, the mailman archiving feature stops...

  Upon uploading a more significant file in CWP using the file manager, you may struggle with a...

First, determine till where the FTP client is working; if you are able to login with FTP but do...

In the WordPress, this increment of memory is not reflected and causing the web to run slow. Let...

Sometimes the zPanel homepage or some specific pages will show a blank page (white screen). Since...

Procedure:   Create a new key pair under Linux you can use ssh-keygen: ssh-keygen -t rsa -b...

In order to grant access to a user over an existing database on your MySQL server, start the...

WordPress is free, it has open source code and is one of the most used on the Internet and...

Seo Panel is a free and open source SEO control panel application that can be used for managing...

  The PHP extension IonCubeLoader must be enabled on your server for the Softaculous...

Caddy, sometimes clarified as the Caddy web server, is an open source, a HTTP/2-enabled web...

there’s a command to list all the modules loaded by PHP. Some of the modules would have come with...

How to update mod_hostingrelease manually on cPanel servers. Check current version:...

CentOS is a Linux distribution that provides a free, community-supported computing platform...

smartd is a daemon (a helper program) that monitors the health of physical hard disk drives that...

Let see how to move the files to another folder by using the cPanel File Manager:1. First, go to...

How to  Optimize Tables using Mysqlcheck The following optimizes employee table that is located...

Here are some steps that we’ve seen to have the most impact: 1. Enable caching Caching is...

Parted is a command which helps you to modify hard-disk partitions. More than a command, it’s a...

The below code when added to an .htaccess file will automatically redirect any traffic destined...

Step 1: Login to your IPMI interface by using https://[ip-address] in any browser. Step 2: After...

Windows Update keeps Windows 10 updated by downloading and installing the latest updates,...

The following steps are performed:1. Login into KVM. [master server ip:4083] 2. Goto List...

Quick tips: To see the details of logical volume group use: vgdisplay To see the details of...

1. In cPanel (as a user) create MySQL database, create MySQL user and Add user to Database...

SSH keypairs are a combination of a public key that you set on your remote machines and a private...

Windows   1. Open Notepad or any other Text editor of your choice from Start Menu with...

Let us see how to add CNAME for root domains, i.e. yourdomain.com if your domain registrar does...

Login with root permission, otherwise, you may start commands with “sudo”. Install Yum-Axelget...

On Windows 10, services run in the background without a user interface and permit system features...

To change Centova trial license /add new Centova license key please follow the steps below:...

From this tutorial, we will check how to measure the input/output performance of a HDD, SSD, USB...

  1: Log into the cPanel for your WHMCS installation (Assuming it’s a cPanel server).   2:...

Sometimes it's necessary to upload files to your cPanel account. This can be easily accomplished...

Traceroute is an application that traces the path data takes from one computer to another....

If your VPS is on SSD drive or a normal SATA drive. Also, it will help you comparing the disk...

Sed – The Stream Editor A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an...

pip can be called as preferred installer program. pip is package management used to install...

Htop is an interactive real-time process monitoring application for Linux/Unix like systems and...

Ansible IT automation tool can be used for configuration management and much more IT needs. It...

1. Should have a hadoop user that can access all cluster nodes with SSH keys without a password....

A virtual private server (VPS) is most often used to host dynamic websites and applications. This...

Kubernetes is an open-source container-orchestration system for automating computer application...

MD5 Sums are 128-bit character strings (numerals and letters) resulting from running the MD5...

In Linux (also UNIX) $PATH is environment variable, used to tell the shell where to look for...

One of the most important task in Linux systems administration, is process management. Its...

Sudoers is the default sudo security policy plugin in Linux, however, experienced system...

The general syntax of the “hostname” command in Linux is as below: $ hostname [parameter]...

We have hundreds of Linux servers and requirement came in our email stating” Babin create below...

Different ways are there to import MySQL database’s contents. The two most common methods:1)...

The following code will help you in redirecting your website to https://www.domainname.com....

Progress, formerly known as Coreutils Viewer, is a light C command that searches for coreutils...

Pscp utility allows you to transfer/copy files to multiple remote Linux servers using the single...

Check,Optime and auto Repair MySQL Tables Using MysqlcheckDue to errors or bugs in the MySQL...

By default, all commands executed by Bash on the command line are stored in history buffer or...

The "ps" command in Linux is an abbreviation of "process status". It is used to get information...

To display the access rights of files or directories in octal form instead of rwx or perhaps you...

Trash-cli is a command line interface that trashes files and records the original absolute path,...

When it comes to gaining absolute control over your Linux system, then nothing comes close to the...

Host command is a minimal and easy-to-use CLI utility for performing DNS lookups which translate...

.htaccess (come from hypertext and access) is a configuration file, used by the web server...

One of the renowned search tool on Unix-like systems which can be used to search for anything...

fswatch is a cross-platform, file change monitor that gets notification alerts when the contents...

Linux based distributions have featured set of commands which provide a way to configure...

tuptime is a tool used for reporting the historical and statistical running time (uptime) of a...

Virtual consoles are very important features of Linux, and they provide a system user a shell...

Part 1: Initial Setup in WHMCS    Begin by going to Setup > Payment Gateways in WHMCS....

In cPanel, Go to your Subdomains panel. Find one that looks like the domain you’ve just...

Windows OS:Click Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Remote Desktop Connection. -...

zPanel is the most preferably choice for cPanel alternative. It is free, light and smoothly...